02638namaa2200397uu 4500001001000000003000600010005001700016006001900033007001500052008004100067020001800108040001700126041000800143042000700151072001600158720002300174245006900197260002600266300002200292336002600314337002600340338003600366490006000402506005100462520129000513540006301803546001201866650002501878653011101903720002302014720002602037720002602063793001802089856011602107999001702223doab71572oapen20260305123949.0m     o  d        cr|mn|---annan210210s2020    xx |||||o     ||| 0|eng d  a9783030291785  aoapencoapen0 aeng  adc 7aMKG2bicssc1 aLa Caze, Adam4edt00aUncertainty in PharmacologybEpistemology, Methods and Decisions  bSpringer Naturec2020  a1 online resource  atextbtxt2rdacontent  acomputerbc2rdamedia  aonline resourcebcr2rdacarrier1 aBoston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science0 aFree-to-readfUnrestricted online access2star  aThis volume covers a wide range of topics concerning methodological, epistemological, and regulatory-ethical issues around pharmacology. The book focuses in particular on the diverse sources of uncertainty, the different kinds of uncertainty that there are, and the diverse ways in which these uncertainties are (or could be) addressed. Compared with the more basic sciences, such as chemistry or biology, pharmacology works across diverse observable levels of reality: although the first step in the causal chain leading to the therapeutic outcome takes place at the biochemical level, the end-effect is a clinically observable result-which is influenced not only by biological actions, but also psychological and social phenomena. Issues of causality and evidence must be treated with these specific aspects in mind. In covering these issues, the book opens up a common domain of investigation which intersects the deeply intertwined dimensions of pharmacological research, pharmaceutical regulation and the related economic environment. The book is a collective endeavour with in-depth contributions from experts in pharmacology, philosophy of medicine, statistics, scientific methodology, formal and social epistemology, working in constant dialogue across disciplinary boundaries.  aAll rights reserveduhttp://oapen.org/content/about-rights  aEnglish 7aPharmacology2bicssc  aCausal Inference, Evidence, Social Epistemology of Medicine, Values in the Sciences, Evidence Amlgamation.1 aLa Caze, Adam4oth1 aOsimani, Barbara4edt1 aOsimani, Barbara4oth0 aDOAB Library.40uhttps://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/7157270zFree-to-read: DOAB: description of the publication  c92934d92934